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Side-by-side analysis of housing, demographics, safety, and sustainability

City A
City B
Arnhem

Gelderland · Strongly urban

Avg Home Value

€350k

Population

169.364

Price Trend

+4.5%

Avg. Income

€40.2k

Median Wealth

€24.7k

Labour Part.

70.0%

High Education

37.8%

Leiden

Zuid-Holland · Very strongly urban

Avg Home Value

€409k

Population

130.638

Price Trend

+4.1%

Avg. Income

€42.7k

Median Wealth

€25.1k

Labour Part.

70.0%

High Education

49.8%

Overall Profile
Relative scores across 6 dimensions
Arnhem leads on Housing; Leiden leads on Economy, Safety, Education, Green, Livability.
WOZ Home Value Trend
Average assessed home value in €k
Price Growth YoY
Annual % change in home values
Population
Thousands of residents over time
Avg Income
€k per income recipient
Age Distribution
% of population per age group
Leiden has an older population: 0.0 percentage points more residents aged 65+.
Migration Background
% of population by origin
Arnhem is more diverse by 0.2 percentage points in non-Dutch background residents.
Crime Rate
Incidents per 1,000 residents
Leiden has fewer theft incidents: 0.4 fewer per 1,000 residents.
Proximity to Services
Average km to nearest facility
Leiden residents live closer to everyday services on average.
Theft Rate Over Time
Theft incidents per 1,000 residents
Labour Participation Over Time
Net labour participation %
Metric
Arnhem
Leiden
Housing & Market
Arnhem +2
Leiden +2

Avg Home Value (WOZ)

€350k

€409k

Housing Stock

81.530

65.079

Owner-Occupied

43.0%

41.0%

Rental

57.0%

59.0%

Built before 2000

92.0%

87.0%

People & Households
Arnhem +1
Leiden +1

Population

169.364

130.638

Density (per km²)

1.733 /km²

5.978 /km²

Single Households

48.8%

56.8%

Households with Children

27.7%

20.1%

Avg Household Size

1.9

1.7

Age Distribution

0–15 years

14.0%

11.0%

15–25 years

13.0%

18.0%

25–45 years

30.0%

31.0%

45–65 years

26.0%

22.0%

65+ years

16.0%

16.0%

Migration Background

Dutch background

62.3%

62.5%

EU background

9.1%

13.4%

Non-EU background

28.6%

24.1%

Economics & Labour
Leiden +3

Avg Income

€40.2k

€42.7k

Median Wealth

€24.7k

€25.1k

Labour Participation

70.0%

70.0%

Permanent Contracts

54.0%

51.0%

Flex Contracts

30.0%

35.0%

Self-Employed

16.0%

14.0%

Poverty Rate

4.9%

4.2%

Cars per Household

0.80

0.50

Education
Leiden +3

High Education

37.8%

49.8%

Low Education

25.5%

17.8%

Primary Schools

45

25

Secondary Schools

18

16

Schools Rated 'Good'

3.2%

4.9%

Schools Rated 'Weak'

3.2%

4.9%

Safety (per 1,000 residents)
Leiden +3

Theft

29.1

28.7

Vandalism

6.0

4.3

Violent Crime

7.3

5.7

Proximity (avg km to nearest)

GP / Doctor

1.0 km

0.6 km

Supermarket

0.8 km

0.7 km

Childcare

0.6 km

0.5 km

School

0.7 km

0.8 km

Public Transport

Train stations

4

3

Bus stops

455

206

Tram stops

8

0

Metro stations

0

0

Air Quality

NO₂ (µg/m³)

11.9

16.2

PM2.5 (µg/m³)

9.2

8.8